Butterflies Occurring in the DC Area
by Richard H. Smith
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This list is also available in the following two formats:
Richard H. (Dick) Smith has produced this comprehensive listing of the resident and annually migrating and immigrant butterflies of the Washington, DC area especially for the Washington Area Butterfly Club (WABC) web pages. Dick considers this list to be an accurate and realistic representation of what most butterfly enthusiasts, with some luck and perseverance over a period of several years, could actually find in the DC area at the present time. For completeness and as of January 2007, additional lists are now also given for those species that have historical records in the Washington, DC area but which are considered to be either accidental, stray, or currently extirpated from this area and therefore are very unlikely (but not impossible) to be seen in this area again.
For the purposes of this list, Dick is defining the D.C. Area as the District of Columbia and its adjacent counties and municipalities, which are Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties in Maryland, Arlington and Fairfax Counties in Virginia, and Alexandria City.
REFERENCES:
Clark, Austin H. 1932. The butterflies of the District of Columbia and vicinity. U.S. National Museum Bulletin No. 157. 337pp.
Clark, Austin H. and Clark, Leila F. 1951. The Butterflies of Virginia. Smithsonian Misc. Colls., Vol. 116, No. 7. 239pp.
Fales, John H. (March 1987), "The Butterflies of Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C.," The Maryland Naturalist (The Natural History Society of Maryland), Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 5-24.
Fales, John H. and William R. Grooms (August 1980), "Notes on Butterfly Collecting in Maryland in 1979," Maryland Entomologist (Maryland Entomological Society), Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 12-13.
Fales, John H. 1974 (December). Check-list of the skippers and butterflies of Maryland. Chesapeake Science (continued as journal Estuaries starting in 1978; published by the Estuarine Research Federation, University of Mississippi, University MS 38677) 15(4): 222-229.
Garland, Mark S. 1995. "Great Falls Butterfly Survey 1994-1995" (unpublished), Great Falls National Park, Virginia; sponsored by National Park Service, Great Falls, VA.
Lepidopterists Society Field Season Summaries (published annually by The Lepidopterists' Society, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, CA 90007) for Maryland and Virginia for 1978 through 2006.
Opler, Paul A. (February 1982), "Butterflies and Skippers of the Washington, DC Area," Office of Endangered Species, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. 20240.
Opler, Paul A., Harry Pavulaan, Ray E. Stanford, Michael Pogue, coordinators. 2006. Butterflies and Moths of North America ( http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/ ). Big Sky Institute and Mountain Prairie Information Node (MPIN) of the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII), Montana State University, Bozeman, MT.
Smith, Richard H., personal field notes and also records reported to him by fellow lepidopterists, MD-DC-NoVA area, for period 1973 to 2006, 5213 Eliot's Oak Rd., Columbia, MD 21044.
Wagner, Warren H., Jr. 1941. District of Columbia butterfly notes (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Entomological News (published by the Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila., PA 19103) 52(7): 196-200 and 52(9): 245-249.